As cold and flu season hits, many offices are already filled with the sound of sniffles and coughs. While most colds clear up after a few days, some Minnesotans are facing a much more persistent problem: a stubborn cough that lasts weeks, sometimes even months. Here’s why this year, the so-called “100-day cough” is making a resurgence, and how you can protect yourself.

What is Whooping Cough?

Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory system. According to the Minnesota Department of Health, cases of whooping cough are surging across the state, with 2,324 cases reported in 2024—a dramatic increase from just 33 cases in 2023. The infection typically starts with cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, mild cough, and fever. But after a week or two, the cough worsens, leading to severe fits of coughing, exhaustion, and sometimes vomiting.

Why Is This Cough Different?

At first, the cough may appear to be just a typical cold symptom. However, it quickly escalates into uncontrollable bursts of coughing, often accompanied by a distinctive “whoop” sound as the person struggles to catch their breath. Dr. Anna Milz, a pediatrician at M Health Fairview, describes it as a cough followed by a sharp gasp for air. The cough can continue for weeks, which is why it’s earned its nickname: the “100-day cough.”

Who is Most at Risk?

While anyone can catch whooping cough, infants and young children are particularly vulnerable, especially if they have not received all of their vaccinations. Teenagers and adults, whose immunity may have weakened over time, are also at risk. This is why health officials recommend adults receive a Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis) booster shot every 10 years.

The Importance of Vaccination

Vaccination is the most effective way to protect yourself and your family. The CDC advises that children receive a DTaP vaccine (which includes protection against whooping cough) starting in early childhood, with boosters every 10 years. Pregnant women are also advised to receive a Tdap shot during their third trimester to help protect newborns, who are too young to be vaccinated.

However, despite vaccines, the state’s vaccination rates have dropped, with only 91% of children born in 2020 having received all four recommended doses by 2023. This leaves many individuals more susceptible to infection.

How to Prevent Whooping Cough

Whooping cough is easily spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. To prevent the spread of the disease, health officials recommend:

  • Getting vaccinated with the Tdap booster shot.
  • Practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing and staying home when sick.
  • Wearing a mask, especially if you are coughing or sneezing.
  • Covering coughs and sneezes to prevent airborne germs from spreading.

Treatment Options and When to Seek Help

Although there’s no cure for whooping cough, antibiotics can help prevent the spread of the bacteria to others, especially if taken early. However, antibiotics are not effective in reducing the severity of symptoms. For those struggling with severe coughing or difficulty breathing, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.

Dr. Milz emphasizes that if breathing becomes difficult or if you feel unable to catch your breath, visit your healthcare provider. In some cases, an inhaler may be prescribed to ease symptoms and help with breathing. For most, the cough will eventually subside within six weeks.

At-Home Remedies

In the meantime, drinking plenty of fluids and using a humidifier can help soothe irritated airways. Additionally, people over the age of 1 can try honey (a teaspoon) to alleviate coughing. People over the age of 6 can also use over-the-counter cough syrup for relief.

Conclusion: Stay Vigilant

While it’s easy to assume that a persistent cough is just another cold, this year’s uptick in whooping cough cases in Minnesota should not be overlooked. By staying informed, practicing good hygiene, and getting vaccinated, you can help protect yourself and those around you from this highly contagious illness.